Monel K500/ UNS N05500/ DIN W.Nr. 2.4375 Properties or Features, Heat treatment

Monel K500/ UNS N05500/ DIN W.Nr. 2.4375 Properties or Features

Monel K500 is a nickel-copper alloy and have a excellent corrosion resistance than Monel 400. And alloy 500 is about three times of the yield strength and double of tensile strength than Monel 400. The Monel K500 is widely used for pump, shafts, oil, well tools and instruments, doctor blades and scapers, spring, valve trims, fasteners, and marine propeller shafts.

Heat Treatment for alloy K500

The annealing is performed both for softening of the matrix after working and for solution of the age-hardening phase. Adequate softening may be achieved with temperatures as low as 760-871℃, but heating at 982℃ for hot finished products and 1038℃ for cold drawn products is recommended for optimum response to subsequent age hardening. Grain growth becomes fairly rapid above 982℃, and if a fine-grained structure is desired heating time should be kept to a min. at these higher temperatures.

Monel 404/ UNS N04404 Properties/ Feature and Annealing

Monel 404/ UNS N04404 Properties/ Feature and Annealing

Monel 404 / UNS N04404 is a relatively high copper alloy, which has high strength and a wide temperature range with excellent resistance to many corrosive environments. The alloy should be annealed at 760℃(1400℉) for one hour. Monel 404 is widely used for marine, chemical equipment, electronic devices, aerospace, building products.

Incoloy 825/ UNS N08825/ DIN W.Nr. 2.4858 Properties, corrosion, fabrication and hot&cold forming

Incoloy 825 Properties

Incoloy 825/ UNS N08825/ DIN W.Nr. 2.4858 is a nickel iron chromium alloy with molybdenum, copper and titanium. The nickel content is sufficient for resistance to chloride-ion stress corrosion cracking. The molybdenum is resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. The alloy’s chromium contents confers resistance to a variety of oxidizing substances such as nitric acid, nitrates and oxidizing salt. The alloy 825 is applicate to nuclear fuel reprocessing, oil and gas, chemical processing, petrochemical piping, pollution-control equipment.

Incoloy 825 corrosion

Incoloy alloy 825 is high level of corrosion resistance. In both reducing and oxidize environments. the alloy resists general corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking.

Fabrication for UNS N08825

Incoloy alloy 825 are products are heat treated during manufacturing all the mill to develop the optimum combination of stabilization, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and formability. To maintain these properties during fabrication, subsequent anneals should be performed between 1700 to 1800℉(930 to 980℃) followed by rapid air cooling or water quenching. Heat treatment in the lower end of the range is acceptable for stabilization. However, annealing at temperatures in the higher end of this range may be preferred for softness and grain structure for forming and deep-drawing while maintaining corrosion resistance. Quenching is usually not necessary for parts of thin cross section, but may be desired to avoid sensitization in products of heavier cross section.

Hot and Cold Forming

The hot working range for alloy 825 is 1600 to 2150℉(870 to 1180℃). For optimum corrosion resistance, final hot working should be done at temperatures between 1600 and 1800℉(870 and 980℃).

Incoloy 800/ UNS N08800/ DIN W.Nr. 1.4876 Characteristic, Corrosion Resistance and Heating and Pickling

Incoloy 800 Characteristic

Incoloy 800/UNS N08800/DIN W.Nr. 1.4876 is a heat and corrosion-resistant alloy with a relatively low nickel content. It is widely used for its strength at high temperatures and its ability to resist oxidation, carburization and other types of high-temperature corrosion, like: petrochemical equipment or components, heating element sheathing, and nuclear steam generator tubing. 

Corrosion Resistance for Incoloy 800

Alloy 800, 800H and 800HT have the same nickel, chromium and iron contents and generally display similar corrosion resistance. Alloy 800H and 800HT are used for high-temperature strength, corrosive enviroments to with these alloys are exposed normally involve high-temperature reactions such as oxidation and carburization.

Heating and Pickling

Heating must be performed in a low sulfur atmosphere. Open heating must be done with low sulfur fuel, and the furnace atmosphere must be maintained in a reducing condition to prevent excessive oxidation.

Because of the readiness with which chromium is oxidized into a refractory oxide by air, carbon dioxide or water vapor, alloy 800 series cannot be bright annealed in the usual industrial annealing furnace. Under closely controlled conditions, the alloy can be bright annealed in dry, pure hydrogen(dew point of -58℃/-73℉) or lower, less than 0.004% by volume water, and less than 0.007% by volume air.

Monel 400/ UNS N04400/ DIN W.Nr 2.4360 and 2.4361 Characteristic, Corrosion Resistance and Fabricating

Monel 400 Alloy Characteristic

Monel 400/UNS N04400/ DIN W. Nr 2.4360 and 2.4361 is a high strength and excellent resistance nickel copper alloy 400. Alloy 400 is widely apply in many fields, marine and chemical processing, electrical and electronic, pumps and valves, heat exchangers and feedwater heaters, deaerating heaters, etc.

Alloy 400 Corrosion Resistance:

Monel alloy 400 exhibits resistance to corrosion by many reducing media. It is also generally more resistant to attack by oxidizing media than higher copper alloys. This versatility makes alloy 400 suitable for service in a variety of environments.

Alloy 400 offers exceptional resistance to hydrofluoric acid in all concentrations up to boiling point. It is perhaps the most resistant of all commonly used engineering alloys. Alloy 400 is also resistant to many forms of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids under reducing conditions.

Fabricating for Monel 400

Monel alloy 400 is softer than many steels. The range of hot- forming temperatures is 1200℉ to 2150℉. For heavy reductions, recommended metal temperatures is 1700℉ to 2150℉. Light reductions may be taken down to 1200℉.

Inconel 690 alloy/ UNS N06690/ WNR 2.4642 characteristic, Chemcial composition & Fabrication

Inconel 690 alloy Characteristic

Inconel 690 is a high-Chromium nickel alloy, which is a excellent resistance to fluoride containing hot nitric acid, to stress corrosion cracking caused by alkalis and media containing chloride and polythionic acids, and to many aggresstive aqueous media or in the primary and secondary loops of nuclear reactors. And good resistance to oxidation, sulphidation and metal dusting in hot gases.

Inconel 690 alloy chemical composition:

Ni: ≥58.0

Cr: 27.0-31.0

Fe: 7.0-11.0

C: ≤0.05

Si: ≤0.50

Mn: ≤0.50

S: ≤0.015

Cu: ≤0.50

Fabrication for Inconel 690 alloy:

INCONEL 690 alloy is readily fabricated by converntional techniques for high-nickel alloys. In most working operations, alloy 690 exhibits characteristics similar to those of INCONEL 600. Inconel 690 should be clean before it is heated and should be heated in a low sulfur atmosphere. Furnace atmospheres for open heating should also be slightly reducing to prevent excessive oxidation of the material.

Inconel 686 Alloy Properties, Fabrication & Corrosion

Inconel 686 Alloy Properties

Inconel 686 (UNS N06686)alloy is a low carbon, the most highly alloyed corrosion-resistant alloy, which is outstanding resistance to oxidizing, reducing, and mixed acid environments.

Fabrication for Inconel 686

Hot forming should be between 1600 and 2500℉(870 and 1230℃), with all heavy forming above 2000℉(1090℃). Work hardening during cold forming may make intermediate annealing necessary. Inconel 686 is normally annealed at 2150-2200℉(1180-1200℃), with rapid cooling.

Corrosion of Inconel 686 alloy

1. Resistance to General corrosion: 

General corrosion, an even, uniform attack of the alloy surface, is the most commonly encountered form of corrosion. This type of attack is predictable, which allows effective estimation of the life of components. The corrosion rate is significantly affected by the concentration of the corrosive medium, the presence of contaminants in the medium, and temperature.

15% HCI Boiling: 2mpy

80% H2SO4,93℃: 29mpy

90% H2SO4, 93℃: 8mpy

FGD1, 80℃: 23mpy

FGD2, 105℃: 274mpy

*mpy can be converted to mm/a by multiplying by 0.0254; FGD1: 60%H2SO4+2.5%HCI+0.2%HF+0.5% flyash at 80℃; FGD2: 70% H2SO4+2.5%HCI+0.2%HF at 105℃

2. Resistance to localized corrosion: 

Localized attack, pitting and crevice corrosion, can occur very quickly and lead to premature, unexpected failure. While the general attack of the surface of the component may be very light, a single pit may propagate throught the thickness of the part causing leakage and failure. Crevice corrosion, as the name implies, takes place within the crevices formed by overlapping sections of metal or under tightly adhering deposits.

Nickel 270 alloy/UNS N02270 Application and Physical Properties & Mechanical Properties

Nickel 270 Alloy Application

Nickel 270 alloy can applying at Hydrogen thyatron components, electrical resistance thermometers, platter bars, passive cathode, fluorescent lamp components, electrolytic cell anodes 

The Physical Properties of Alloy 270

Density: 8.91 g/cm3

Electrical Resistivity: 0.075μohm.m

Thermal Conductivity: 86 W/m.℃

Melting Range: 1454℃

The Mechanical Properties

Tensile Strength,min.:50ksi(345Mpa)

Yield Strength, min.: 16ksi(110Mpa)

Elongation: 50%

Hardness: 66max